Factors Affecting The Performance Of Activated Carbon

Factors Affecting The Performance Of Activated Carbon

Granular activated carbon (GAC) is commonly used in for the removal of natural constituents and residual disinfectants in water provides to improves the style and minimizing health hazards;It protects different water treatment elements equivalent to RO membranes and ion change resins from attainable organic fouling and damages . As a result of its multi functional nature . Activated carbon is a favored water therapy approach and the truth that it adds nothing detrimental to the treated water.

Most activated carbons are made from raw supplies equivalent to nutshells, coal , wood and petroleum.
The two basic principal by which activated carbon removes contaminants from water are adsorption and catalytic reduction. Organics wastes are removed by adsorption and residual disinfectants are removed by catalytic reduction.
Factors affecting the efficiency of activated carbon are:

pH:The natural removal activity decreases with the increase in pH. Most organics compounds are less soluble and more readily adsorbed at a lower pH. . A thumb rule is to extend the carbon bed dimension by 20 percent for each pH unit above neutral .
Molecular weight:The adsorbing property of activated carbon increases with the increase in its molecular weight .. However, the pores sizes on the surface of the carbon should be large enough to permit the molecules to move within. A mixture of low and high molecular weight molecules needs to be designed and used species tough to removed..
Contaminant concentration:
Higher the contaminant concentration, the greater is the removal capability of activated carbon. The contaminant is more likely to be adsorbed. As concentrations enhance, however, so do effluent leakages. The upper restrict for contaminants is a few hundred PPM . Higher contaminant focus may require additional contact time with the activated carbon. Also, the organic removal is enhanced by the presence of hardness within the water, so each time attainable, it's good to position activated carbon units upstream of the ion removal units
Particle measurement:
Activated carbon commonly available sizes are in 20 /50 mesh ,12 / 40 mesh and eight / 30 mesh . The finer mesh offers the very best contact and filter media sand specification better removal.
Temperature:
viscosity decreases with the rise in temperature , thereby rising adsorption rate.
Movement rate:
Usually, the decrease the circulation rate, the more time the contaminant will get diffuse into the pore and be adsorbed.

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